Sviđa Vam se vest ? Objavite je na nekim od servisa ispod...
- Details
-
Category: Nautički Rečnik
-
Published on Wednesday, 14 March 2012 18:25
-
Written by Ivana
-
Hits: 4131
Korvus isto leteći most, abordažni most je rimska sprava za ukrcavanje na brodove, koja se koristila tokom pomorskih bitki u Prvom punskom ratu protiv Kartagine.
Opis
U svojoj knjizi Istorija, Polibije opisuje korvus kao most 10.9 m dugačak i 1.2 m širok, sa malim dodatnim ispupčenjima na obe strane. Koristio se verovatno na pramcu broda gde bi se koloturama mogao podizati i spuštati. Imao je oštar vrh sličan kljunu ptice, koji bi se zabijao za palubu neprijateljskog broda. To bi omogućilo da se korvus dobro drži dok legionari prelaze na neprijateljski brod. Dalje bi se odigravao sukob na neprijateljskom brodu, sličan kopnenoj bici.
Rimska republika koristi korvus u bitkama
U III veku p. n. e. Rim je imao jako malo iskustva upomorskom ratovanju. Tačnije pre Prvog punskog rata Rimska republika nikad nije ratovala van Apeninskog poluostrva. Najveća snaga Rima je bila u kopnenim bitkama i disciplini i hrabrosti njegovih vojnika. Korvus omogućava Rimskoj republici da u pomorskom ratovanju koristi svoju kopnenu armiju i njenu prednost. Rimljani pobeđuju u nekoliko bitaka zahvaljujući korvusu. Najpoznatije su bitka kod Mila, bitka kod Sulka, bitka kod Tindarija i bitka kod Eknoma.
Nedostaci korvusa
Težina korvusa na pramcu broda smanjivala je pokretljivost broda. Rimljani su izgubili dve flote u oluji 255. p. n. e. i 249. p. n. e., najviše zahvaljujući nestabilnosti, koju je korvus izazivao. Ti gubici su verovatno bili razlog napuštanja upotrebe korvusa. Rimsko pomorsko ratovanje i taktika ratovanja se poboljšala, a posade brodova postaju iskusnije. Prednost korvusa više nije bila veća od rizika, pa se njegova upotreba postepeno napušta.
Zamenjuje se dugačkim gvozdenim kukama (manus ferrea, harpago) kojima se privlači neprijateljski brod.
Izvor: www.wikipedia.org
Joomla! Debug Console
session.counter ⇒ 1
session.timer.start ⇒ 1575960038
session.timer.last ⇒ 1575960038
session.timer.now ⇒ 1575960038
session.client.browser ⇒ CCBot/2.0 (https://commoncrawl.org/faq/)
registry ⇒ {}
id ⇒ 0
name ⇒
username ⇒
email ⇒
password ⇒
password_clear ⇒
usertype ⇒
block ⇒
sendEmail ⇒ 0
registerDate ⇒
lastvisitDate ⇒
activation ⇒
params ⇒
groups ⇒ Array
guest ⇒ 1
aid ⇒ 0
4.17 MB (4,376,976 Bytes)
22 Queries Logged
SELECT `data`
FROM `KS_session`
WHERE `session_id` = '2hch0r6idq5plgs9aa3tgcst91'
SELECT `session_id`
FROM `KS_session`
WHERE `session_id` = '2hch0r6idq5plgs9aa3tgcst91'
LIMIT 0, 1
INSERT INTO `KS_session`
(`session_id`, `client_id`, `time`)
VALUES
('2hch0r6idq5plgs9aa3tgcst91', 0, '1575960038')
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM KS_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_users'
SELECT id, rules
FROM `KS_viewlevels`
SELECT folder AS type, element AS name, params
FROM KS_extensions
WHERE enabled >= 1
AND type ='plugin'
AND state >= 0
AND access IN (1,1)
ORDER BY ordering
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM KS_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_languages'
SELECT *
FROM KS_languages
WHERE published=1
ORDER BY ordering ASC
SELECT m.id, m.menutype, m.title, m.alias, m.note, m.path AS route, m.link, m.type, m.level, m.language,m.browserNav, m.access, m.params, m.home, m.img, m.template_style_id, m.component_id, m.parent_id,e.element as component
FROM KS_menu AS m
LEFT JOIN KS_extensions AS e
ON m.component_id = e.extension_id
WHERE m.published = 1
AND m.parent_id > 0
AND m.client_id = 0
ORDER BY m.lft
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM KS_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_content'
SELECT c.*,
CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(c.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(':', c.id, c.alias) ELSE c.id END as slug
FROM KS_categories as c
LEFT JOIN KS_categories AS s
ON (s.lft <= c.lft
AND s.rgt >= c.rgt) OR (s.lft > c.lft
AND s.rgt < c.rgt)
LEFT JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
FROM KS_categories AS cat JOIN KS_categories AS parent
ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
AND parent.rgt
WHERE parent.extension = 'com_content'
AND parent.published != 1
GROUP BY cat.id) AS badcats
ON badcats.id = c.id
WHERE (c.extension='com_content' OR c.extension='system')
AND c.access IN (1,1)
AND c.published = 1
AND s.id=1933
AND badcats.id is null
GROUP BY c.id, c.asset_id, c.access, c.alias, c.checked_out, c.checked_out_time,
c.created_time, c.created_user_id, c.description, c.extension, c.hits, c.language, c.level,
c.lft, c.metadata, c.metadesc, c.metakey, c.modified_time, c.note, c.params, c.parent_id,
c.path, c.published, c.rgt, c.title, c.modified_user_id
ORDER BY c.lft
SELECT alias, catid
FROM KS_content
WHERE id = 1933
SELECT id, home, template, s.params
FROM KS_template_styles as s
LEFT JOIN KS_extensions as e
ON e.element=s.template
AND e.type='template'
AND e.client_id=s.client_id
WHERE s.client_id = 0
AND e.enabled = 1
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM KS_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_k2'
SELECT m.published, m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params, mm.menuid
FROM KS_modules AS m
LEFT JOIN KS_modules_menu AS mm
ON mm.moduleid = m.id
LEFT JOIN KS_extensions AS e
ON e.element = m.module
AND e.client_id = m.client_id
WHERE m.published = 1
AND e.enabled = 1
AND (m.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR m.publish_up <= '2019-12-10 06:40:38')
AND (m.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR m.publish_down >= '2019-12-10 06:40:38')
AND m.access IN (1,1)
AND m.client_id = 0
AND (mm.menuid = 169 OR mm.menuid <= 0)
ORDER BY m.position, m.ordering
SELECT a.rules
FROM KS_assets AS a
WHERE (a.id = 1)
GROUP BY a.id, a.rules, a.lft
SELECT a.id, a.asset_id, a.title, a.alias, a.title_alias, a.introtext, a.fulltext,
CASE WHEN badcats.id is null THEN a.state ELSE 0 END AS state, a.mask, a.catid, a.created, a.created_by, a.created_by_alias,
CASE WHEN a.modified = 0 THEN a.created ELSE a.modified END as modified, a.modified_by, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.publish_up, a.publish_down, a.images, a.urls, a.attribs, a.version, a.parentid, a.ordering, a.metakey, a.metadesc, a.access, a.hits, a.metadata, a.featured, a.language, a.xreference,c.title AS category_title, c.alias AS category_alias, c.access AS category_access,u.name AS author,contact.id as contactid,parent.title as parent_title, parent.id as parent_id, parent.path as parent_route, parent.alias as parent_alias,ROUND(v.rating_sum / v.rating_count, 0) AS rating, v.rating_count as rating_count
FROM KS_content AS a
LEFT JOIN KS_categories AS c
on c.id = a.catid
LEFT JOIN KS_users AS u
on u.id = a.created_by
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT contact.user_id, MAX(contact.id) AS id, contact.language
FROM KS_contact_details AS contact
WHERE contact.published = 1
GROUP BY contact.user_id, contact.language) AS contact
ON contact.user_id = a.created_by
LEFT JOIN KS_categories as parent
ON parent.id = c.parent_id
LEFT JOIN KS_content_rating AS v
ON a.id = v.content_id
LEFT
OUTER JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
FROM KS_categories AS cat JOIN KS_categories AS parent
ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
AND parent.rgt
WHERE parent.extension = 'com_content'
AND parent.published <= 0
GROUP BY cat.id) AS badcats
ON badcats.id = c.id
WHERE a.id = 1933
AND (a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2019-12-10 06:40:38')
AND (a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2019-12-10 06:40:38')
SELECT c.*,
CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(c.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(':', c.id, c.alias) ELSE c.id END as slug
FROM KS_categories as c
LEFT JOIN KS_categories AS s
ON (s.lft <= c.lft
AND s.rgt >= c.rgt) OR (s.lft > c.lft
AND s.rgt < c.rgt)
LEFT JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
FROM KS_categories AS cat JOIN KS_categories AS parent
ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
AND parent.rgt
WHERE parent.extension = 'com_content'
AND parent.published != 1
GROUP BY cat.id) AS badcats
ON badcats.id = c.id
WHERE (c.extension='com_content' OR c.extension='system')
AND c.access IN (1,1)
AND c.published = 1
AND s.id=21
AND badcats.id is null
GROUP BY c.id, c.asset_id, c.access, c.alias, c.checked_out, c.checked_out_time,
c.created_time, c.created_user_id, c.description, c.extension, c.hits, c.language, c.level,
c.lft, c.metadata, c.metadesc, c.metakey, c.modified_time, c.note, c.params, c.parent_id,
c.path, c.published, c.rgt, c.title, c.modified_user_id
ORDER BY c.lft
UPDATE KS_content
SET hits = hits + 1
WHERE id = 1933
SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM KS_extensions
WHERE `type` = 'component'
AND `element` = 'com_contact'
SELECT `created`
FROM KS_content a
ORDER BY `created` DESC
LIMIT 1
UPDATE `KS_session`
SET `data` = '__default|a:7:{s:15:\"session.counter\";i:1;s:19:\"session.timer.start\";i:1575960038;s:18:\"session.timer.last\";i:1575960038;s:17:\"session.timer.now\";i:1575960038;s:22:\"session.client.browser\";s:40:\"CCBot/2.0 (https://commoncrawl.org/faq/)\";s:8:\"registry\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:4:\"user\";O:5:\"JUser\":23:{s:9:\"\0*\0isRoot\";b:1;s:2:\"id\";i:0;s:4:\"name\";N;s:8:\"username\";N;s:5:\"email\";N;s:8:\"password\";N;s:14:\"password_clear\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"usertype\";N;s:5:\"block\";N;s:9:\"sendEmail\";i:0;s:12:\"registerDate\";N;s:13:\"lastvisitDate\";N;s:10:\"activation\";N;s:6:\"params\";N;s:6:\"groups\";a:0:{}s:5:\"guest\";i:1;s:10:\"\0*\0_params\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:14:\"\0*\0_authGroups\";a:1:{i:0;s:1:\"1\";}s:14:\"\0*\0_authLevels\";a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;i:1;}s:15:\"\0*\0_authActions\";N;s:12:\"\0*\0_errorMsg\";N;s:10:\"\0*\0_errors\";a:0:{}s:3:\"aid\";i:0;}}'
, `time` = '1575960039'
WHERE `session_id` = '2hch0r6idq5plgs9aa3tgcst91'
17 Query Types Logged, Sorted by Occurrences.
SELECT Tables:
5 × SELECT extension_id AS id, element AS "option", params, enabled
FROM KS_extensions
2 × SELECT c.*,
CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(c.alias) THEN CONCAT_WS(':', c.id, c.alias) ELSE c.id END as slug
FROM KS_categories as c
LEFT JOIN KS_categories AS s
ON (s.lft <= c.lft
AND s.rgt >= c.rgt) OR (s.lft > c.lft
AND s.rgt < c.rgt)
LEFT JOIN (SELECT cat.id as id
FROM KS_categories AS cat JOIN KS_categories AS parent
ON cat.lft BETWEEN parent.lft
AND parent.rgt
1 × SELECT id, home, template, s.params
FROM KS_template_styles as s
LEFT JOIN KS_extensions as e
ON e.element=s.template
AND e.type='template'
AND e.client_id=s.client_id
1 × SELECT m.published, m.id, m.title, m.module, m.position, m.content, m.showtitle, m.params, mm.menuid
FROM KS_modules AS m
LEFT JOIN KS_modules_menu AS mm
ON mm.moduleid = m.id
LEFT JOIN KS_extensions AS e
ON e.element = m.module
AND e.client_id = m.client_id
1 × SELECT a.id, a.asset_id, a.title, a.alias, a.title_alias, a.introtext, a.fulltext,
CASE WHEN badcats.id is null THEN a.state ELSE 0 END AS state, a.mask, a.catid, a.created, a.created_by, a.created_by_alias,
CASE WHEN a.modified = 0 THEN a.created ELSE a.modified END as modified, a.modified_by, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.publish_up, a.publish_down, a.images, a.urls, a.attribs, a.version, a.parentid, a.ordering, a.metakey, a.metadesc, a.access, a.hits, a.metadata, a.featured, a.language, a.xreference,c.title AS category_title, c.alias AS category_alias, c.access AS category_access,u.name AS author,contact.id as contactid,parent.title as parent_title, parent.id as parent_id, parent.path as parent_route, parent.alias as parent_alias,ROUND(v.rating_sum / v.rating_count, 0) AS rating, v.rating_count as rating_count
FROM KS_content AS a
LEFT JOIN KS_categories AS c
on c.id = a.catid
LEFT JOIN KS_users AS u
on u.id = a.created_by
LEFT JOIN ( SELECT contact.user_id, MAX(contact.id) AS id, contact.language
FROM KS_contact_details AS contact
1 × SELECT `created`
FROM KS_content a
1 × SELECT alias, catid
FROM KS_content
1 × SELECT a.rules
FROM KS_assets AS a
1 × SELECT m.id, m.menutype, m.title, m.alias, m.note, m.path AS route, m.link, m.type, m.level, m.language,m.browserNav, m.access, m.params, m.home, m.img, m.template_style_id, m.component_id, m.parent_id,e.element as component
FROM KS_menu AS m
LEFT JOIN KS_extensions AS e
ON m.component_id = e.extension_id
1 × SELECT `session_id`
FROM `KS_session`
1 × SELECT id, rules
FROM `KS_viewlevels
1 × SELECT folder AS type, element AS name, params
FROM KS_extensions
1 × SELECT *
FROM KS_languages
1 × SELECT `data`
FROM `KS_session`
OTHER Tables:
1 × UPDATE `KS_session`
SET `data` = '__default|a:7:{s:15:\"session.counter\";i:1;s:19:\"session.timer.start\";i:1575960038;s:18:\"session.timer.last\";i:1575960038;s:17:\"session.timer.now\";i:1575960038;s:22:\"session.client.browser\";s:40:\"CCBot/2.0 (https://commoncrawl.org/faq/)\";s:8:\"registry\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:4:\"user\";O:5:\"JUser\":23:{s:9:\"\0*\0isRoot\";b:1;s:2:\"id\";i:0;s:4:\"name\";N;s:8:\"username\";N;s:5:\"email\";N;s:8:\"password\";N;s:14:\"password_clear\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"usertype\";N;s:5:\"block\";N;s:9:\"sendEmail\";i:0;s:12:\"registerDate\";N;s:13:\"lastvisitDate\";N;s:10:\"activation\";N;s:6:\"params\";N;s:6:\"groups\";a:0:{}s:5:\"guest\";i:1;s:10:\"\0*\0_params\";O:9:\"JRegistry\":1:{s:7:\"\0*\0data\";O:8:\"stdClass\":0:{}}s:14:\"\0*\0_authGroups\";a:1:{i:0;s:1:\"1\";}s:14:\"\0*\0_authLevels\";a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;i:1;}s:15:\"\0*\0_authActions\";N;s:12:\"\0*\0_errorMsg\";N;s:10:\"\0*\0_errors\";a:0:{}s:3:\"aid\";i:0;}}' , `time` = '1575960039'
1 × UPDATE KS_content
SET hits = hits + 1
1 × INSERT INTO `KS_session` (`session_id`, `client_id`, `time`)
VALUES ('2hch0r6idq5plgs9aa3tgcst91', 0, '1575960038'